Liveness: Practical Matters
Liveness before internet
Before internet, liveness is already widely practiced in radio and television broadcasting. Due to the nature of radio transmission, from the early days of television until about 1958, live broadcasting was used heavily before technologies such as videotape recording appeared. Videotape did not exist until 1957.
Live television (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_television) is today most common in television news, where news programs are generally broadcast live, presenting recorded and edited news stories. Events that networks and stations decide most viewers will want to or should know about as soon as possible are broadcast live, often interrupting regularly scheduled programming, as news bulletins, and if they are quickly changing and developing, with coverage as they unfold as “breaking news” stories. There is usually a 75-90 second delay between what is actually being filmed and what is being broadcast; this is to allow time for editing and censoring. However, some events can be delayed by up to 20 minutes such as Barack Obama’s inauguration speech, and live coverage from the Big Brother house (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Brother_(UK)) in the UK.
September 21, 2005 – JetBlue Airways Flight 292 made an emergency landing in Los Angeles. The passengers were able to watch the incident unfold on live television.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JetBlue_Airways_Flight_292#September_21.2C_2005_flight
The unedited nature of live television can pose problems for networks because of the potential for mishaps. To enforce the Federal Communications Commission regulations, networks often broadcast live programs on a slight delay to give them the ability to censor words and images while keeping the broadcast as “live” as possible.
Broadcast delay
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_delay
In radio and television, broadcast delay refers to the practice of intentionally delaying broadcast of live material. A short delay is often used to prevent profanity, bloopers, or other undesirable material from making it to air, including more mundane problems such as technical malfunctions or coughing. In this instance, it is often referred to as aseven-second delay or profanity delay.
Longer delays can also be introduced, often to allow a show to air at the same time for the local market as is sometimes done with nationally-broadcast programs in countries with multiple time zones. That can sometimes be simply achieved with a video tape recorder or similar technology, it is often called a tape delay or west-coast delay in the United States
Paper on delay in video communication
http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/1/4/7/9/p14795_index.html
Gigs for building a time shift for Quartz Composer
http://quartzcompositions.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=311
Who needs streaming videos?
http://blog.tomevslin.com/2007/02/who_needs_strea.html
Liveness before internet
Before internet, liveness is already widely practiced in radio and television broadcasting. Due to the nature of radio transmission, from the early days of television until about 1958, live broadcasting was used heavily before technologies such as videotape recording appeared. Videotape did not exist until 1957.
Live television is today most common in television news, where news programs are generally broadcast live, presenting recorded and edited news stories. Events that networks and stations decide most viewers will want to or should know about as soon as possible are broadcast live, often interrupting regularly scheduled programming, as news bulletins, and if they are quickly changing and developing, with coverage as they unfold as “breaking news” stories. There is usually a 75-90 second delay between what is actually being filmed and what is being broadcast; this is to allow time for editing and censoring. However, some events can be delayed by up to 20 minutes such as Barack Obama’s inauguration speech, and live coverage from the Big Brother house in the UK.
Memorable events:
September 21, 2005 – JetBlue Airways Flight 292 made an emergency landing in Los Angeles. The passengers were able to watch the incident unfold on live television.
The unedited nature of live television can pose problems for networks because of the potential for mishaps. To enforce the Federal Communications Commission regulations, networks often broadcast live programs on a slight delay to give them the ability to censor words and images while keeping the broadcast as “live” as possible.
Broadcast delay
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_delay
In radio and television, broadcast delay refers to the practice of intentionally delaying broadcast of live material. A short delay is often used to prevent profanity, bloopers, or other undesirable material from making it to air, including more mundane problems such as technical malfunctions or coughing. In this instance, it is often referred to as aseven-second delay or profanity delay.
Longer delays can also be introduced, often to allow a show to air at the same time for the local market as is sometimes done with nationally-broadcast programs in countries with multiple time zones. That can sometimes be simply achieved with a video tape recorder or similar technology, it is often called a tape delay or west-coast delay in the United States
Paper on delay in video communication
http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/1/4/7/9/p14795_index.html
Gigs for building a time shift for Quartz Composer
http://quartzcompositions.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=311
Who needs streaming videos?
http://blog.tomevslin.com/2007/02/who_needs_strea.html