Archive for October, 2007

The Life and Death of James Dean

Wednesday, October 31st, 2007

This week’s 2×2 turned into an exploration of those celebrities — specifically, James Dean — who live intensely and die young.  I think we take a certain grotesque pleasure when our greatest and most charismatic artists burn themselves out.  It confirms our suspicions that they were too good, too pure for this world.  They’re our sons of God, put on Earth to express our suffering and taken from us to expunge it.

Watch it here.

Dust or Magic

Sunday, October 28th, 2007

Bob Hughes’ book, Dust or Magic, was the inspiration for both the conference and the class of the same name. I can see why so many people have rallied around it; I’m glad we’ll be discussing it in class, but would’ve read it just for pleasure.

Hughes’ basic point is this: the best new media projects come out of small teams (sometimes of just one) where people have a clear vision of the goal and are empowered and self-motivated to achieve it.

Environments that are likely to produce good software:

  • encourage fiddling and experimentation
  • value hands-on work
  • give workers the time and space they need to research and explore
  • empower workers to make decisions
  • build small, multi-talented teams (less than 10 people)
  • allow people and software to take risks
  • encourage intuition, emotion, and idiosyncrasy
  • create a strong shared vision
  • test the product at every stage
  • have subsidiary goals or a “deliverable minimum”
  • do work that is interesting and enjoyable

Environments that are unlikely to produce good software:

  • meticulously plan projects in advance
  • require the approval of “suits” before “creatives” can get to work
  • are so over-specialized that no one can see the big picture
  • insist on products that can be easily categorized
  • fear “creative self-indulgence”
  • end up over-budget, over-time, and under-producing
  • are hierarchical, fear-ridden, and military-style
  • are unpleasant to work in

The very best software:

  • considers its audience every step of the way — whether it’s captive or discretionary
  • allows the user to feel in control, or part of the action
  • pays attention to details
  • uses good audio to enhance the graphics or video
  • sticks to consistent, natural-feeling conventions; teaches you its conventions intuitively
  • anticipates user errors and uses them as a learning opportunity
  • allows you to create a mental map of the “information space” at all times
  • gives you clear choices, gives feedback as you make a choice, and gives you a response that’s as good or better than you expected

On the other hand, software pitfalls to avoid include:

  • getting invested in programs, metaphors, or technologies that will eventually hold you back
  • reinventing the wheel when existing technology will get you halfway there
  • mixing techniques, resulting in “cognitive train wrecks”
  • talking heads, introductions, or instructions that users can’t skip

I would recommend this book to anyone who works in a creative field or manages people who produce creative output. I’d recommend the first half of the book to anyone who is interested in the history of the computer as a medium.

Hughes’ enthusiasm is contagious.  I’m excited to explore many of the works he references, including Romain Victor-Pujebet’s Lulu.  Hughes also renewed my interest in designer/writer Donald Norman.  I think I’ll go back and re-read The Design of Everyday Things — more on that later.

Facts About the Moon

Wednesday, October 24th, 2007

My latest 2×2 is completely un-animated.  I don’t have a lot of experience with editing, but I put a lot of effort into this.  I’m not sure how it came out — but I’m eager to see what the class thinks.

Watch it on blip.

Soundball

Sunday, October 21st, 2007

After we presented our idea in class, Rosie and I felt encouraged to start gathering materials for our instrument (which we’re currently calling Soundball).  Shopping is my favorite part of any ITP project.  I know, I know – the thrill of making it work, the excitement of presenting to my peers…  I still like shopping the best.

So, we ordered all kinds of balls online.  We got glass marbles, rubber bouncy balls, wooden balls, and ping pong balls.  And then we hit up Home Depot.  I had a gift certificate that I’d been waiting to use on my next big project.

We went through Home Depot by feel and ended up in the plumbing section.  We built a prototype for the basic structure right there in the store, much to the amusement of the guys working there.  I think plumbing pieces were a good choice because they’re modular, standardized, sturdy… and plus, they look cool.

In addition to the plumbing supplies, we got four funnels to hold the balls, and two hard-hats, just for fun.

Back in the shop, we rescued some unclaimed plexi and put our names on it.  Then we assembled the whole pipe structure on top of its pole.  Right now, Soundball is feeling very tall, and very top-heavy.

Now that all the balls have arrived, we can start constructing the sorter.  We wanted to wait until we had their exact diameters and total volumes.  We plan to work on the sorter on Tuesday night.  It wouldn’t be a bad time to work on the bowl/catcher, either.

Meanwhile, we’ve got serious things to think about:

  • buying an industrial strength lazy susan to make the whole thing spin,
  • weighting the base of the structure so it’s not so top-heavy,
  • and how in the world the release mechanism will work.

Hamlets

Thursday, October 18th, 2007

This 2×2 animation was my response to the “free swim” assignment.  I discovered OpenCanvas, a piece of software that records your drawing and plays it back.  Usually, I hate my animations as soon as they’re done, but I think this technique has some real potential.

The audio is excerpted from public radio show This American Life, episode 218 (entitled Act V). It’s about a group of high-security prisoners getting ready to perform the fifth and last act of Hamlet.

I’ve called it Hamlets because the role of Hamlet is split among four prisoners, one of whom appears in this clip.

Go ahead, watch it.

Magnetic Jewelry for Kids

Wednesday, October 17th, 2007

Last Friday in class, we were asked to start thinking about ideas for a final project. This one came to me out of the blue. I wanted to keep it under wraps until we had a clearer idea if it would work.

The idea is to use small, strong magnets to make beads that kids can arrange into necklaces and bracelets. Like pop beads, they should be fun to put together, fun to pull apart, and different enough to allow kids to create their own patterns.

I immediately whispered the idea to Mandy and she agreed we should work together and start ordering rare earth magnets.

The magnets arrived today, and preliminary testing is very promising. They are definitely going to hold enough to support their own weight, along with some kind of decorative casing (which will make them prettier and also easier to stick together end-to-end than side-to-side).

And if my experience with them is any indication, kids are going to have a lot of fun with the feel of putting these magnets together, taking them apart, and enjoying the sensation of objects held together around your body by the mysterious, invisible force of magnetism.

NIME prototype

Tuesday, October 16th, 2007

See Rosie’s writeup and a picture of our NIME prototype here.

Into the Minds of Babes

Monday, October 15th, 2007

Lisa Guernsey’s book, Into the Minds of Babes, explores how screen time affects children from birth to the age of five.  I learned a lot and took away a couple of key lessons.

Don’t Trust the Media
In a competitive parenting environment, parents are willing to try anything that will give their kids a leg up.  Parental money fuels the multi-billion dollar business of screen-based toys, videos, and educational aids.

But on the other hand, recent scientific studies have posited a link between screen time and ADHD, autism, and obesity. Like many parents, the author felt both ashamed and indignant in 1999 when the AAP put the kabosh on screen time for kids under 2.

So which is it?  Are TV and videos good for kids, or bad for them?  Toy marketing and oversimplified press make parents feel like their instincts are all wrong.

When it comes down to it, you can’t force a child to think beyond her level of cognitive development.  But you can challenge her, keeping her just outside the zone of proximal development, where learning happens.

The latest greatest product is not the cure-all that will turn her into a baby Einstein or Mozart.  Kids need all kinds of stimulation, and media – educational or not – is just one piece of the pie.

Kids’ TV is Fine for Kids
With certain caveats, it turns out that kids’ television and videos are just fine for kids.  Good television – like Blue’s Clues, Dora the Explorer, and Sesame Street – have been shown to help children learn (158).  As long as they’re paying attention, children are picking something up: “young children watch television because they are cognitively engaged in it (34).”

Like rats in enriched or impoverished cages, kids learn more when there’s more available to challenge them.  A television show like Sesame Street really does expose children to stories, ideas, people and places they’ve never seen before.

The most effective programming invites participation and takes the child’s developmental level into account.  Younger kids do better with clear, linear story lines.  Kids also learn better with repetition (124).

But, like I said, there are caveats:

  • Children learn better when a person is actually present, interacting with them.  The lack of social interaction seems to account for the “video deficit” observed when the same thing is taught in person vs. via recorded video.  For example, a hearing child of deaf parents got all his language from passively watching television – and as a result had trouble with grammar and syntax (137).
  • If a child isn’t paying attention to the video, it is likely distracting her.  Screen media as background noise is not just unhelpful, it’s actually harmful.  Children playing with toys while Jeopardy was on in the background were less able to engage in creative play (73).  Background noise also makes it harder for babies to pick up and segment language.
  • Imitation is a key strategy for development.  When children see violence on TV, they may mimic it without understanding its context.  On the other hand, children are just as likely to imitate polite, kind behavior they see on TV: kids who watched Dragon Tales and Mister Rogers were shown to be learning pro-social behaviors (Chapter 9).
  • Kids can pick up on the vibe of what parents are watching.  Children as young as 12 months pick up the general feeling of a horror movie, drama, or newscast.  Children as young as 3 months pick up on anxiety in their parents (101).
  • Too much screen time can keep kids from the all-important creative pretend play that helps them synthesize all the things they’re learning.

Kids Need a Balanced Diet
Lisa Guernsey’s concludes that screen time is okay for kids, in moderation.  Parents should choose media based on the child’s developmental level.  They should start dialogues with kids about what they’re watching or reinforce what they’ve learned from a particular show.

Children under five need lots of interaction: read to them, talk to them, and describe things going on around you.

And finally, let them do their own thing.  Children need time for creative, open-ended play.  When they’re playing, kids act out and self-reinforce all the things they’re learning.

My Midterm for Recurring Concepts in Art

Saturday, October 13th, 2007

Overview
I’ve created a recipe box, filled with recipes that I’ve invented or adapted, and notes and drawings that are all my own. My goal is to create a kind of heirloom to be handed down to a friend in this class.

Physical Process
I’ve spent the last few years learning to cook, standardizing my favorite dishes, and writing them down as recipes on my computer. For this project, I’ve taken those recipes and made them into notecards in a recipe box. So the artwork I’m reproducing is actually a re-reproduction: from food, to computer file, back to a physical form.

I dyed each notecard with coffee to create an aged appearance, hung it to dry on a clothesline, and ironed it to flatten it. Then I copied my recipes onto notecards, added drawings and notes, and placed them in alphabetical order in the box.

I dripped food (where possible, appropriate to the recipe) on specific notecards for verisimilitude. I aged the box by filing the edges and throwing it around a little.

Thought Process
I always wanted a feminine education I never got. More specifically, I wanted to learn the arts of the kitchen. My mother, although armed with a recipe box handed down from her own mother, hates to cook.

In addition to a relaxing hobby, I see cooking as a way of nourishing and pleasing my family, my friends, and myself. Although I distrust such seemingly anti-feminist sentiments, it means a lot to me when a friend stops by and eats my leftovers rather than picking up a slice of pizza.

It was important to me not just to create this object, but to pass down the recipe box and the information it contains. I’ve chosen a female friend in this class who has lost her mother. From the first moment, I created this object with her in mind.

Class Concept: the Aura of Originality
I’m counting on the idea of the aura as described by Walter Benjamin. The recipe box is an authentic, unique original. The recipes, my handwriting, and especially my notes and drawings communicate a part of me. I hope that the time and energy I spent on it have infused it with something like aura. More precisely, I’ve put love and accumulated knowledge into these recipes and their physical manifestation. I want their new owner to feel that love.

On the other hand, I’ve constructed a functional object, not a fetishist symbol like the artworks described by Benjamin. I hope that my friend will actually try out the recipes in the recipe box. Although each iteration of a recipe is in a certain way a dimmer copy of a delicious, Platonic original set down at the time the recipe was written, it’s also different and original each time. Unlike a postcard of the Mona Lisa, a favorite meal cooked after you’ve had a chance to miss it loses none of its aura. If anything, the dish becomes more nostalgic and comforting with each reproduction or reworking. And like Benjamin, I’m comforted by the fact that new channels of distribution will allow my recipes to meet a larger audience halfway. If someone else cooks or shares a recipe I’ve invented, I’ll reach the people those people serve the meal to, probably without even knowing it.

Class Concept: Reappropriation
I’m also drawing on the idea of reappropriation, taking a mass-produced recipe box, identical blank postcards, and a plain black ballpoint pen, and using them to conjure something much more authentic and personal.

I’m employing reappropriation here more in the style of Sherrie Levine doing Marcel Duchamp than like Duchamp himself. That is, I’ve taken a mass-produced object and altered both its content and its context. Duchamp recontextualized objects mainly by placing them in a new context. His art was as much about the dialogue it unleashed as the physical objects themselves. As proof of their non-art status, many of the readymades managed to fall back into obscurity or into their original uses. But Levine and other artists like her have added new layers of meaning to this process of recontextualization. Her works add both new context, and new content to the objects represented. By pointing to more than one ideology, art criticism, or artwork, the “contingent object” takes on complex and shifting levels of reference and meaning. I’ve altered the card file’s content by supplying it with content (both physical and conceptual), and I’ve also altered its context by declaring its status not as office supply but as art object.

On the other hand, I’m more in line with Duchamp’s method of evoking of mass production. His readymades were serendipitous, almost arbitrary finds. Similarly, when I conceptualized the project, I knew that I wanted to use a card file, it didn’t matter whether its brand was Rubbermaid, 3M, or Staples. In contrast, because she was quoting a specific work with her Fountain, Levine found it meaningful to seek out the specific model of urinal Duchamp had used in his.

Summary
I’ve taken advantage of this assignment to create a personal object for a friend. I’ve imbued it with a lot of care and also with the thoughts and ideologies we’ve been exploring together in class. I hope she likes it.

The Wild West

Monday, October 8th, 2007

For 2×2, we were asked to complete a story that our teacher started.

Here’s the writing prompt. Listen to my response below.