UNUS

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I. ‘UNUS’ ( ‘U’nderstanding Korea‘N’ and ‘U’nderstanding Engli‘S’h )

UNUS is a Latin word which means one that came from an Indo-European root.

II. DESCRIPTION

To Korean people, English is quite difficult language to speak because of totally different syntax. So, from this inspiration, we(Sunghun and I) decided to change new English text with syntax of Korean from original English text. This might be the text to make each people misunderstand. However, through this trials, we want to break down language barrier, even though it is just be a metaphor. Text would be a part of the data for visualization

III. INSPIRATION

Misunderstanding among people might be from the era of being built the tower of Babel. Always, I imagine what if we, people, go back to that time. This is definitely from my experiences in New York right now. I always put my wrong words into the wrong context. To understand each other, I need invisible gesture language as well as literal and visible language. Even though people who have the same language, there are barriers that prevent people from understanding each other. Therefore, person who came from another country like me, there are much more difficulties to understand people. Communication is the people’s cherished desire.

IV. USER SCENARIO

Person who speaks English as a native speaker types the sentence on a screen, “I ate an apple yesterday.” And then, a screen shows the text,”(I) yesterday an apple ate.” [Because of the syntax of Korean, words are arranged like this with certain images: Subject(when speaking language, subject could be excluded)+ adverbial phrase + Object + Verb.] And then, words will be falling down to make the tower like Babel as a brick. a word goes to be rearranged slowly to the syntax of English and reunited slowly to the syntax of Korean as well after a few seconds.

V. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SYNTAX OF KOREAN AND ENGLISH

There is a hypothesis that Korean is divided into two major parts, a substantive part and predicate part like dichotomy. However, English is organized by the way of binary notation.

He / went. NP

He / went. NP (그가 갔다.)

He / made / it. NPN
He / it/ made. NNP (그는 / 그것을 / 해냈다.)

He / asked / for it. NPN
He/ it / asked . NNP (그는 /그것을 /자초했다.)

He / looks / happy. NPP
He / happy/ looks NPP (그는 / 행복해 / 보인다. )

I / gave / him / a book. NPNN
I / him / a book/ gave. NNNP (나는/ 그에게 / 책을 / 주었다.)

I / gave / a book / to him. NPNN
I / a book/ to him/ gave. NNNP (나는 / 책을 / 그에게 / 주었다. )

I / made / her / happy. NPNP
I / her/ happy / made. NNPP ( 나는 / 그녀를 / 행복하게 / 했다.)

He / pushed / the door / open. NPNP
He/ the door / pushed / open . NNPP (그는 / 문을 / 밀어 / 열었다.)

He /pushed / open / the door. NPPN
He / the door/ pushed /open. NNPP ( 그는 / 문을 / 밀어서 / 열었다.)

He / came / back / alive. NPPP
He / alive/ back/ came. NPPP (그는 / 살아서 / 돌아 / 왔다.)

As you can see , the order of Korean is NP, NNP, NPP, NNNP, NNPP, NNPP, NPPP.
Σ N Σ P

English is NP, NPN, NPP, NPNN, NPNP, NPPN, NPPP.

if N is replaced with 0 and P is replaced with 1, the results is like this : (01), (010), (011), (0100), (0101), (0110), (0111). And, this can be changed into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 as decimal system.

NP (01) -> 0×2¹+ 1×2°

NPN (010) -> 0×2²+ 1×2¹+ 0×2°

NPP (011) -> 0×2²+ 1×2¹+ 1×2°

NPNN (0100) -> 0×2³+ 1×2²+ 0×2¹+ 0×2°

NPNP (0101) -> 0×2³+ 1×2²+ 0×2¹+ 1×2°

NPPN (0110) -> 0×2³+ 1×2²+ 1×2¹+ 0×2°

NPPP (0111) -> 0×2³+ 1×2²+ 1×2¹+ 1×2°

I am not quite sure what this means but It seems to shows that English is more difficult than Korean to learn. In other words, to English native speaker, Learning Korean is much easier than learning English to Korean native speaker. I think this is just for grammar and order of language because to learn Korean there are a lot of rules apart from the order of words.(a term of respect, lots of termination..etc)

VI. GRAMMAR of LANGUAGE GENERATOR (First trial - Subject + Verb)

- Following programming grammar is the first trial of the syntax generator. To be close to context sensitive grammar, which means that to be close to a real sentence, programming grammar is made systemically. It shows that personal grammar such as ‘He is’, ‘She borrows’, and ‘They are’, etc.

######################################
# s -> np vp
# np -> det thing-n / det ani-n/ det hum-n/ firhum-n /sechum-n / thirhum-n
######################################

{
<start>
<noun-phrase1> <verb1-h> | <noun-phrase1> <verb1-h-a> |
<pro-noun3> <verb2-h> | <pro-noun3> <verb2-h-a>|
<pro-noun3-t> <verb2-h-a> | <pro-noun3-t> <verb2-t> |
<determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-t>| <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-h-a>| <determiner> <noun-c> <verb2-h>| <determiner> <noun-c> <verb2-h-a>
}

{
<noun-phrase1>
<pro-noun1>| <pro-noun2>
}

{
<noun-phrase2>
<determiner> <noun-c>
}

{
<determiner>
a | the
}

{
<noun-a>
cup | book | window | chair | watch
}

{
<noun-b>
tiger | cat | dog | bird| mouse
}

{
<noun-c>
woman | man
}

{
<pro-noun1>
I
}

{
<pro-noun2>
they | you
}

{
<pro-noun3>
He | She
}

{
<pro-noun3-t>
It
}

{
<verb1-h>
write | shoot | stick | borrow | hang | count| remain| work|
stuck | hung | are | were | get | turn
}

{
<verb1-h-a-1V>
jump(1) | run(1)|exist(1)| live(1) | jumped(1) | ran(1) | held | lived(1) | grow(1) |grew(1)
}

{
<verb1-h-a>
hold | do| move | held |opened | open |did | come
}

{
<verb1-t-1V>
stick | exist(1)| stuck(1)
}
<verb1-t>
stick | get | turn | remain |work | move
}

{
<verb2-h>
shoots | borrows | writes
}

{
<verb2-h-a>
jumps| runs| holds | does | works| moves | exists| sticks| becomes | is | was | comes |turns
}

{
<verb2-t>
works(1) | moves | exists(1)| sticks(1) | becomes | is | was |turns
}

VII. GRAMMAR of LANGUAGE GENERATOR (Second trial - Subject + Verb+ Object)

{
<start>

<noun-phrase1> <verb1-h-a-1V> |

<noun-phrase1> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb1-h-Na> | <noun-phrase1> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb1-h-a-Na> |
<noun-phrase1> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb1-h-Na> | <noun-phrase1> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb1-h-a-Na> |

<pro-noun3> <verb2-h-a>| <pro-noun3> <determiner> <noun-d> <verb2-h> |
<pro-noun3> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-h-a-Na> | <pro-noun3> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-h-a-Na> |

<pro-noun3-t> <verb2-h-a>|<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-h-a-Na> |<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-h-a-Na>|
<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-h-a-Nab> |<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-h-a-Nab> |

<pro-noun3-t> <verb2-t>|
<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-t-Na>|<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-t-Na>|
<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-t-Nab>|<pro-noun3-t> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-t-Nab> |

<determiner> <noun-c> <verb2-t>|

<determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-h-a>|<determiner> <noun-b> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-h-a-Na> |
<determiner> <noun-c> <verb2-h-a> |<determiner> <noun-c> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-h-a-Na> |<determiner> <noun-c> <determiner> <noun-b> <verb2-h-a-Na> |<determiner> <noun-c> <determiner> <noun-c> <verb2-h-a-Na> |

<determiner> <noun-c> <determiner> <noun-d> <verb2-h>|
<determiner> <noun-c> <determiner> <noun-a> <verb2-h-Na> |

}

{
<noun-phrase1>
<pro-noun1>| <pro-noun2>
}

{
<noun-phrase2>
<determiner> <noun-c>
}

{
<determiner>
a | the
}

{
<noun-a>
cup | book | window | chair | watch

}

{
<noun-b>
tiger | cat | dog | bird| mouse
}

{
<noun-c>
woman | man |girl| boy| policeman| artist| driver| doctor | pilot
}

{
<noun-d>
mail | letter| novel| report| poem |book
}

{
<pro-noun1>
I
}

{
<pro-noun2>
they | you
}

{
<pro-noun3>
He | She
}

{
<pro-noun3-t>
It
}

{
<verb1-h>
write | stick | count| remain| work|
stuck | are | were | get | turn
}

{
<verb1-h-Na>
shoot | borrow | hang | hung |
}

{
<verb1-h-a-1V>
jump | run|exist| live | jumped | ran | lived | grow |grew
}

{
<verb1-h-a>
do|opened | open |did | come
}

{
<verb1-h-a-Na>
hold | move | held
}

{
<verb1-t-1V>
stick | exist| stuck
}
<verb1-t>
stick | get | turn | remain | move
}

{
<verb2-h>
writes
}
{
<verb2-h-Na>
shoots | borrows
}

{
<verb2-h-a>
jumps| runs | does | works| exists| sticks| becomes | is | was | comes |turns
}
{
<verb2-h-a-Na>
holds | moves |
}
{
<verb2-h-a-Nab>
becomes | is | was
}

{
<verb2-t>
works | exists| sticks |turns
}
{
<verb2-t-Na>
moves
}
{
<verb2-t-Nab>
becomes | is | was
}

VIII. PROTOTYPE for THE PROJECT

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