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For Actions, Events and Filtering assignment, I made a very simple game that uses a flex sensor and a player only can solve it by a specific way of bending it rather than just bend normally.
Here is the description of this assignment.
Using the tools we’ve discussed in class, Build a sensor application that uses a sophisticated data handling process in an interactive system. This could be a statistical method, a gesture recognition algorithm or a parallel/networked mapping strategy. The system should sense the actions of something in the environment and respond appropriately. Overall, it should be apparent that the system ‘understands’ when a fairly high-level significant event or set of events occurs. Some examples:
* An object that knows not only that it was picked up, but how it was picked up (e.g: violently, gently, quickly, slowly.)
* A system that responds differently to a tap as oppposed to a stroke.
* A system that correlate seemingly unrelated information streams with your sensor input status (eg.: time-of-day).
* A system that uses the frequency, slope or timing of a continuous sensor to gauge type or vigorousness of an interactive response.
The key here is to understand when a sensor senses significant changes, and to reliably identify and respond to those changes, reliably filtering out the insignificant. Feel free to swap sensors with a friend.
I simply build the hardware part using Arduino and software part using Processing that are connected through serial communication. In this game, which is similar to unlock the padlock, a player should bend the flex sensor a specific way and the specific time. For example, Step 1. bend forward and keep it more than 5 seconds but less than 8 seconds, Step 2. release and keep about 3 seconds, Step 3. bend backward and keep it more than 7 seconds.
 (cubic equation graph from wikipedia)
Actually, my initial concept was that using a differential of a equation such as a cubic equation, however, my flex sensor was quite unstable so I needed an extra work(ex, averaging). Therefore, I just use the sensor value and the time as a variable.
the lock will not be solved when a player bend it without knowing specific steps.
the lock was solved by the specific way described above. |
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| Build a long-term datalogging system. Capture data from the physical world in a database and build a web interface to display the data gathered over time.
1. Arduino -> Processing -> PHP -> Text
2. Arduino -> Processing -> PHP -> MySQL
3. Arduino -> Xport -> PHP -> MySQL
I did the second option of this assignment during last weekend, but I wanted to try the third one that uses Xport because I was super impressed by Tom's Email clock before. Using Xport means the system becomes a 'stand-alone' one that doesn't need computer at all.
Anyway, this assignment was very challenging because I should have dealt with so many stuffs to work through this path, Sensor -> Arduino -> (serial communication) -> Xport -> (internet) -> PHP -> MySQL -> (internet) -> Web Browser.
- Hardware part
(click to see descriptions)
- Programming part
The code what I wrote, or modifed from the Network Datalogging Suite and the Arduino-Xport-PHP were:
1. A MySQL table setting code (click to expand) CREATE TABLE NetworkDataLogging (
Value INT NOT NULL,
Date DATE NOT NULL,
Timestamp TIME NOT NULL
);
2. An Arduino code on a chip of Arduino, which reads sensor values and send them to a Xport using an HTTP Request via a serial communication.
3. A PHP code on a remote Web server, which accepts data from the Xport by a GET method, and then save them to the MySQL database. This code is also used as a viewer for the saved data.
And, here is a simple version of the Arduino code just for a test.
Simple code of from Arduino to Xport to PHP. (click to expand) void setup()
{
// start serial port at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
// wait 10 seconds before sending data
delay(10000);
// read analog input
sensorValue = analogRead(0);
// connect to the web server. should be IP address.
Serial.print("C147.46.xxx.xxx/80\n");
// send data via GET method of HTTP request
Serial.print("GET /~risknfun/sensor.php?action=insert&sensorValue=");
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.print(" HTTP/1.1\n");
Serial.print("HOST: itp.nyu.edu\n\n");
}
- Result
I finally made it works and here is what I got. (temporary)
the last few lines of the result (click to expand)
333 2007-02-28 13:35:41
333 2007-02-28 13:35:51
137 2007-02-28 13:36:01
137 2007-02-28 13:36:11
137 2007-02-28 13:36:21
0 2007-02-28 13:38:51
106 2007-02-28 13:39:01
106 2007-02-28 13:39:11
106 2007-02-28 13:39:21
106 2007-02-28 13:39:31
0 2007-02-28 13:39:41
926 2007-02-28 13:39:51
926 2007-02-28 13:40:01
926 2007-02-28 13:40:11
- Problems what I faced
1. My Xport didn't response a ping command so I checked and checked again the network configurations.
2. MySQL Admin page didn't work properly. I couldn' create a table through it.
3. I forgot my MySQL DB password so I used a web server in Korea instead, which is quite slow from here.
4. I was confused the usage of GET statements. I couldn't find the sample code above so I've googled a lot.
5. I couldn't find my Xport through a device installer provided by Lantronix.
6. An IP address is needed not a domain name while connecting to the server via an HTTP Request command. But, one of my server I used at the moment didn't give me a way to connect through. Maybe it used a virtual host setting on the web server, I guess. So I move all files to an another server.
- Conclusion and Future Plan
Since the Xport was very hard to figure out how it works, I couldn't pick a sensor and a project that a timescale that’s longer than a typical human-reaction timescale. However, I think I can apply this knowledge to my project. For example, someone who lives in opposite side of the earth can visits my web page to see how my brain waves are changing when I'm sleeping in real-time.
Referece: http://www.lantronix.com/support/documentation.html |
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All programming of the Interactive Puppet Theater was done only in two Arduinos rather than using an ordinary computer. It was much more difficult than I expected because the program should work well with other hardwares such as an MP3 Player, six servo motors and lots of LED. In addition, our project is not a simple input and output device, but has several inputs and outputs with more than 30 steps.
Tasks that easy but took several hours were:
* Using servo motors - controlling speed and positioning
* MP3 Player hacking - timing of signal and using Reed relays
The hardest tasks that I didn't want to do at the first time was:
* Since normal Arduino board has not enough input/output pins and memory, I had to use two Arduinos so that I divided the program into main Arduino which follows steps of story and processing each steps, sub Arduino which executes output.
These nails were given by Todd Holoubek who said they would solve the problems when our team was stuck.
Sometimes, I couldn't figure out what's wrong with the hardware, however, the problems turned out so easy things. Here are some points:
* Don't use a breadboard for a final product. Its holes are getting looser so that connections will become unstable.
* Don't trust a terminal which is used for firmer connection to a breadboard.
* Check a common ground value if you use several boards.
* Make a quick-test board and prepare programs for testing LEDs, sensors and other electronic parts.
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My project of the ITP Winter Show 2006 was the Interactive Puppet Theater. (pics)
Day 1
Final rehearsal. There was some problem with a MP3 player at the last minute of the show preparation, but it worked well in the show.
 
 
 
Show for children. One of kids saw the show four times continuously.
Show for my adviser Daniel Rozin and his kids
 
 
 
children's participation
Day 2
Add balloons!
 
 
 
Second day show
After the Show with Jaewook, exhausted but HAPPY!
@ all images are from Jaewook's flicker.
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After the final presentation, we presented a puppet show for Red.
"This made me smile! Congratulations!", said Red !
Here is the video we took before the final presentation.
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Project Title
Interactive Puppet Theater ( http://difdots.com/puppet/ )
Producers
Younghyun Chung (www.risknfun.com/blog)
Jaewook Shin (www.difdots.com)
Description
'Interactive Puppet Theater' is a new type of product for children to participate physically in the story, rather than just watching and listening. We can encourage children to concentrate and engage more with the story through physical action that relates to the story.
Background
Nowadays children are spending more and more time with toys using new technology. Advanced media such as computer games are not only attractive for children, but taking over their culture of play. Ordinary puppet theater is basically a passive medium that children can only see and listen to. We are trying to make children get involved with the story by putting physical interaction with a well known Aesop's fable.
Personal Statement
Since my daughter was born I have been spending a lot of time reading children's books, watching children's TV, looking for toys and anything that would suit her. Like other parents I clearly see that things have been changing more for a child's world compared to when I was young. When something changes, it doesn’t mean it’s always getting better. Therefore, I have been looking for something good for children that relates what I am studying. (Jaewook Shin)
In the winter of my youth I was really curious about why the steam temperatures of breath were different if I blew the breath fast or slow. And I enjoyed the wind pressure on my palm as well as the temperature because I could make some kind of physical interaction by myself. During my undergraduate majoring computer science, I wanted to express something physically to a computer rather than a keyboard or a mouse. These earlier thoughts lead me to connect physical behavior and the computer. (Younghyun Chung)
Target Audience
Children, ages 4-8 and parents.
User Scenario
1. Every 4 minutes, a story starts.
2. Two children will be invited to play - one as the North Wind and the other as the Sun.
3. Both players will wear each costume; the Wind and the Sun, and hold its controller.
4. Watch and listen to the story.
5. When it is the Wind's turn to blow wind in the story, the blue light blinks as an indication.
6. The Wind child blows wind into the controller.
7. Repeat the above 5-6 steps according to the story.
8. When it is the Sun's turn to throw sunshine, the yellow light blinks as an indication
9. The Sun child blows warm breath into the controller.
10. Repeat the above 8-9 steps according to the story.
11. Watch and listen to the story.
Implementation
- Two Arduinos for controlling input and output, there are a total of 32 steps in the story.
- Six Servo motors: One for the Sun, one for Wind and four for the status of the traveler.
- An MP3 player for narration and background music.
- A microphone for the Wind controller (Same mechanism as the internal microphone in the Nintendo DS.)
- A thermometer for the Sun controller, which detects warm breath or rubbing.
Conclusion
We believe that active participation in a story is an innovative way to encourage children to concentrate and respond actively within a story. Adults who know the story also enjoyed the puppet theater, because of the physical interaction, as well as enjoying watching their children interact and learn. These are the basic ideas of the ‘Interactive Puppet Theater’. This approach shows the right way of applying technology to the existing medium.
References
The North Wind and the Sun by Aesop
- http://www.fables.org.uk/tnwats.htm
- http://www.storyarts.org/library/aesops/stories/north.html |
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We don't use computer so that we need an audio device for narration and background music. We considered a CD player but we chose an MP3 player ( COBY USB, 128MB MP-C827 ) because it's cheaper and smaller.
It has three buttons to operate every function. We use Reed Relays to control them with an Arduino.
Here is the code for controlling a COBY USB MP3 Player. void MP3PowerOn() {
if(MP3ButtonPressed == false) {
if(millis() - currentStateTime < 2000) digitalWrite(MP3Button1, HIGH);
else if(millis() - currentStateTime < 2500) digitalWrite(MP3Button1, LOW);
else if(millis() - currentStateTime < 3000) digitalWrite(MP3Button1, HIGH);
else {
digitalWrite(MP3Button1, LOW);
MP3ButtonPressed = true;
}
}
}
void NextAudio() {
if(MP3ButtonPressed == false) {
if(millis() - currentStateTime < 500) digitalWrite(MP3Button2, HIGH);
else {
digitalWrite(MP3Button2, LOW);
MP3ButtonPressed = true;
}
}
}
void MP3PowerOff() {
if(MP3ButtonPressed == false) {
if(millis() - currentStateTime < 500) digitalWrite(MP3Button2, HIGH);
else if(millis() - currentStateTime < 1000) digitalWrite(MP3Button2, LOW);
else if(millis() - currentStateTime < 8000) digitalWrite(MP3Button1, HIGH);
else {
digitalWrite(MP3Button1, LOW);
MP3ButtonPressed = true;
}
}
}
Connecting to the main Arduino
We have a critical problem with this MP3 player that it doesn't have a function to go back to the first track. It means that we can't initialize it. |
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We considered to buy an used puppet theater, however we made our own theater by ourselves.
Initial design
A process of production.
It's used as a container.
Upper sides.
Cover.
Stands for the Sun, the North wind and traveler
Middle layer
Almost done
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We think the controllers of the Sun and the North Wind are the most important parts of this project because they are the key components of connecting physical interactions and children's story.
We have tried to induce usual behaviors of wind or heat which trigger the story flow. The Wind part was relatively easier and acceptable. We can blow the wind into the controller. However, in the case of the Sun part, we had a hard time to figure out which way was better for our intention. In the class, Tom and classmates gave us an idea that we could use thermo-sensor for the both controllers.
Here is the concept and design of the controllers. Each controller has an instant response: yellowish LEDs, pinwheel.
But, we got a better idea for the Wind controller rather than a thermo-sensor, it was a mircophone that is a same mechanism as the internal microphone in the Nintendo DS. We use a condense-type microphone at Radioshack it gives about 750 analog values and fluctuate 100 ~ 1000 if we blow wind.
Here is a test code for microphone void loop() {
windVal = analogRead(windPin);
if(windVal > 850 || windVal < 650) { // if wind blows
digitalWrite(led0, HIGH); // instant feedback
duration++; // for checking enough wind
}
else {
digitalWrite(led0, LOW); // instant response
}
if(duration > 100) digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
}
Here is the first prototype of linking the wind controller and two traveler status. Jaewook's entry.
For the Sun controller, we chose a thermo sensor. Although we tried to use a trackball mouse for rubbing behavior, it uses an USB connection so that arduino can't receive any meaningful information from it.
Here is a code for the Sun input sunVal = analogRead(sunPin);
// set initial temperature before Sun input
if(sunVal > sunInitVal+10)) // if temperature is getting high
digitalWrite(sunStatus, HIGH); // instant feedback
if(sunVal > sunInitVal + sunThreshold) { // if enough heat,
digitalWrite(sunStatus, LOW);
currentEvent = SunSensor; // then next step
}
Prototype of two controllers
Making controllers with wood
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Since we have considered several elements in the story such as traveler, sun, wind, trees and mountain, we needed to decide how could implement each elements.
In the case of traveler, we tried many ways.
The idea of the first design was come from mechanical movement using motor. Jaewook's entry about this.
However, we didn't have any experience in mechanics, so we used servo motor we were familiar with. Positions of traveler was easily adjusted by using servo motor with PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). For example, we put "Max Pulse" to set the motor position value to the maximum.
We tested several movements of the traveler such as "Appearance", "Walking", "Walking in Wind", "Swaying in strong Wind" and "Disappearance." We could also apply this technique to move the Sun and the Wind.
Here is a video of prototype of traveler using servo motor. A traveler begins at the initial position, underground, and then starts walking. After a while, he is shivering in the wind.
Here is the test code of servo motor for traveler's movement. int servoPin = 10; // Control pin for servo motor
int jitterTime1 = 2000; // walking
int jitterTime2 = 300; // shivering
int jitterTime3 = 200; // fast shivering
int jitterTime = jitterTime1;
int minPulseJitter = 1350;
int maxPulseJitter = 1750;
int minPulseJitter2 = 1400;
int maxPulseJitter2 = 1600;
int minPulseJitter3 = 1450;
int maxPulseJitter3 = 1550;
int minPulse = 650;
int maxPulse = 700;
int delayTime = 50;
int refreshTime = 20;
int pulse = 0; // Amount to pulse the servo
long lastPulse = 0; // the time in milliseconds of the last pulse
long lastTime = millis();
long passedTime;
void setup() {
pinMode(servoPin, OUTPUT); // Set servo pin as an output pin
pinMode(8, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
lastTime = millis();
}
void loop() {
passedTime = millis() - lastTime;
if ( passedTime < 100000) {
if(passedTime % jitterTime > (jitterTime / 2)) pulse = maxPulse;
else pulse = minPulse;
}
// pulse the servo again if rhe refresh time (20 ms) have passed:
if (millis() - lastPulse >= refreshTime) {
digitalWrite(servoPin, HIGH); // Turn the motor on
delayMicroseconds(pulse); // Length of the pulse sets the motor position
digitalWrite(servoPin, LOW); // Turn the motor off
delay(delayTime);
lastPulse = millis(); // save the time of the last pulse
}
}
Because traveler has four status, walking, shivering, heating and resting, we use four servo motors to control them. You can see them right bottom corner of the image below.
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I'm going to make a Puppet Theater(tentative name) with Jaewook for a Physical Computing final project.
We will combine a puppet show with physical interactions. For example, in "The North Wind and the Sun", children can participate in the story by blowing wind, making heat(?). (at this moment, we're not sure how to implement "Sun")
We are thinking about movement of each puppet element. reference of mechanism and movement. (example)
Sketches of controllers.
Here is Jaewook's entries of this project:
- Week 8: "The North Wind and the Sun", several links of puppet theater, puppet box
- Week 9: draft sketches, images of puppet show
Questions
1. How can we implement the Sun?
2. Are there puppet shows for observation?
3. Is there any famous fables for this concept? |
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How does IDEO work? - innovative shopping cart, ABC, 2006
I learned much from this video. I will comment soon. |
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Why we changed our project?
We had two ideas for mid term project: mood indicator, space-to-sound converter. However, in the case of the mood indicator, refering to Tom's comments, people usually don't realize the moment of mood changing so that it's quite hard to put our input into the indicator. In the case of space-to-sound converter, we decided that it maybe too hard task for us.
Therefor, we concentrated on when we change the desire to outside. Result is "May I have your attention please!" Lamp for restaurent.
Process
Since our team tried to share our experience and strength, we basically did what we were not used to: Rona did programming for arduino, Gian Pablo wood work, me also wood work and configuring hardware. It worked well at the first time, but there was a bottle neck on programming for making fast prototype, I finished the programming part. I think sharing the strength is a very good idea but assigning unfamiliar tasks to members is not.
After making prototype
Rona, Gian Pablo and I have been to Cosi restaurant to perform field test of our "Lamp for restaurant." Thankfully, Rob also participated and gave some comments for us. Before leaving for there, we tested and took some pictures in the lab.
CHECK requesting
CHECK canceling
CHECK cancelled
ORDER requesting
Order request
Demo Video
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I tested IR sensors for Physical Computer project. I used Infrared LED(Radioshack 276-143), Infrared Phototransistor(Radioshack 276-145). For basic circuit, I saw this reference.
It works fine!
#define detectorPin0 0
#define detectorPin1 1
#define detectorPin2 2
int detectorValue0 = 0;
int detectorValue1 = 0;
int detectorValue2 = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
detectorValue0 = analogRead(detectorPin0) / 4;
detectorValue1 = analogRead(detectorPin1) / 4;
detectorValue2 = analogRead(detectorPin2) / 4;
Serial.print(255-detectorValue0);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(255-detectorValue1);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(255-detectorValue2);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.println();
delay(5);
} |
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Last weekend, I've been to the Cleveland Orchestra concert at the Carnegie Hall. In the concert, German bass-baritone Thomas Quasthoff performed three concert arias composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Quasthoff was born with serious birth defects. He stands four feet tall, has vestigial arms, his hands extending below his shoulders; however, he has great voice and passion.
While he was hardly turning the page of music score, I thought about this project; a computer mouse for Thomas Quasthoff or similar people who can't use ordinary mouse.
I've applied serial communications to this project; combined the Arduino and the Processing using photo cell sensor and flexible sensor. I made prototype of the mouse.
(4 photo cell sensors for detecting the movement of fingers and move the cursor, flexible sensor detect the mouse press)
(demo)
(front view)
However, there were several problems.
1. A finger makes shadow which will affect photo cell sensors.
2. It is hard to detect the movement because of the brightness of the room.
3. I can put 4 more sensors to detect diagnol movement, but not enough Analog input pins.
I think I can use another sensor(ex. distance sensors) for this project that solve those problems. |
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I and classmate Aichen have an assignment in Recurring Concepts in Arts class. We are making an object which is our response to exhibition at the Grey Art Gallery, Moving Pictures.
We made an object using Physical Computing knowledge. We controlled Servo motors and made a frame with wood.
At first, we tested our projects w/o a frame.
Second, we fixed the motors on to a wood panel. We used power tools.
Next, we put all parts such as motors, a small breadboard and an Arduino to the wood panel.
Finish. we can feel a movement of this picture by an optical illusion. We will power on and show the movement at first, and power off. After the stop, we still feel the movements. What is movement? Where does it come from? Film, what we call it moving pictures, dosen't move at all before we see each picture one by one quickly. |
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I practiced analog input with potentional meter + arduino kit.
int potPin0 = 0;
int potValue0 = 0;
int led0 = 9;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
potValue0 = analogRead(potPin0) / 4;
analogWrite(led0, potValue0);
Serial.println(potValue0);
delay(10);
}
At first time, I wrote " * 10 / 102 " at that line. It gave me 0 from 100 value, but the LED was little bit darker when 100. I changed it to " / 4 " so that I could get full light.
Next time I will use other sensors. |
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I picked elevator for in depth observation. After I thought the process deeply, I found some improvement I could do. Therefore, I started observe it more.
Description: Elevators of Bobst library
There are total 8 doors and 4 at right side, 4 at left side.
We can see the changing number on the right side wall. If there is no movement, then no sign. In the contrast, if the number is changing, arrow appears; down arrow when decreasing number, up arrow when increasing.
There are two buttons in each side. People usually press upper button on the first floor, and lower button on higher floors. And then people wait for a while in a standing posture. If someone is waiting earlier than new comer then new comer doesn't press button; however, s/he sometimes press button.
Before opening door, red light is blinking and bell ringing. People move to the door
After door opens, some or no people come out of the door. Waiting people go inside to the door one after another. Usually, 1 or 3 people.
There are several buttons on front side of the box. Number is written on some of them. Other character can be seen on the button.
People press number-button one after another. People don't press button every time, but they always see the panel. However, if they seem like friends, one of them usually do that and another don't do that. After pressing the button, people step back from the panel. Last person sometimes presses triangle-button. After that door closes in several seconds.
The number at the top of the panel is increasing or decreasing, arrow sign appears.
In the box, people is standing and don't move so much. Staring at the top of the panel(increasing/decreasing number) or talking with other people.
The box stops at the same number which is pressed by user. Door opens, bell rings. Person who pressed that number-button walk out of the box. Sometimes other people follows. Door closes. Sometimes nobody walk out.
Physical behavior in the course of interaction. (some of them don't appear)
(P: People listen to the device, D: Device listen to the people)
1. walk to the door
2. see people or light of button / P
3. see light or hear bell / P
4. walk in
5. see panel / P
6. press button / D
7. step back
8. see panel / P
9. hear bell / P
10. see panel / P
11. walk out
Balace of time: Device doesn't listen people than people do.
Description: Elevators of ITP building
* difference from bobst.
- people don't know whether it is going up or down so that usually ask people inside
- (4th floor to down) people wait it but it sometimes turns out fully occupied.
- (lobby) if left box is full and right box is coming down, people wait a while to press button before left one starts |
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Note of New Yorkers' digital devices usage. Friday. 22nd September, 2006
- 7:30 home / me / hear cell's alarm, open it, press several buttons, put on desk (I think I'm not me before shower) / 10 sec
- 8:00 home / me / hear alarm again, press side button, put on desk ( " ) / 5 sec
- 10:13 bobst library / a girl at desk / see my memo, press keyboards while looking at monitor, (bring books), shoot my ID card using gun-like device(I can see red blinking line on ID), shoot book's last page, shoot ID again, shoot book again / 5 min
- 10:19 bobst library copy room / a woman at copier / put handouts into slot, slide card into machine, press buttons, machine starts, get copies / 3 min
- 10:31 bobst library elevator / 2 guys, 1 girl / a guy press button, other people wait, red light on, everybody see the light and go into the elevator, after I push button, a guy push, another guy see and stand back, then girl push button. / 5 min
- 12:12 bobst library / man with uniform / watching monitors, students, ..., / 1 min
- 12:13 ~ 14:35 way to TJmax at sixth ave(chelsea) / many people / talking to the their cell / -
- 14:38 hallway to TJmax / guy / press button on cell with two thumbs repeatedly / 7 min
- 14:59 ~ 15:57 inside of TJmax / several people / talking to the their cell / -
- 15:58 check out of TJmax / woman with uniform / receive clothes from woman in front of her, find something inside of them and put the something on to the desk, find something again and shoot it with gun-like device. tap monitor several times, (repeat these action to every clothes), put every clothes into plastic bag, tap monitor several times, swipe card, wait, tear the paper just come out of machine and give it to the woman. / 11 min |
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Using LED blink, I added the Morse Code to make it spoken, "Hello World".
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Unfortunately, I couldn't buy my own arduino kit yet. So I borrowed one and practiced digital input/output. After basic experiment, I tested LED blinking deeply. How fast blinking we can recognize blinking?
When I use a float variable, Arduino said, "Sketch too big; try deleting code, removing floats, or see FAQ. Binary sketch size went up to 7258 bytes, but a 7168 byte maximum.
The FAQ says "The ATmega8 chip on the Arduino board is cheap, but it has only 8 Kb of program code, which isn't very much (and 1 Kb is used by the bootloader). If you're using floating point, try to rewrite your code with integer math, which should save you about 2 Kb. Delete any #include statements at the top of your sketch for libraries that you're not using."
After I changed float to int, size went down to 4408 bytes.
Hardware is simple, just switch(+10K ohm) and LED(+220 ohm).
LED blinks, five steps.
1. Blinks, delay 1000 msec,
2. 24 blinks per sec
3. 30 blinks per sec
4. 40 blinks per sec
5. LED light up
I could recognize blinking of 24 and 30 blinks/sec, but not 40 blinks/sec. In the case of 40 blinks/sec, brightness was little bit darker than usual so that I put a 5th step for comparing with normal LED light. I searched about this phenomenon. It is called, Pulse-width modulation. According this fact, we can slightly change the power of electronic component such as speed of motor, brightness of LED.
I took this video clip using Sony DSC T10 digital camera so that I couldn't see the blinking well. I think the reason is video capturing spec of this camera. |
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I have so many questions about my first lab of Physical Computing Class. I should read a text book or related materials, and ask to staff.
Here are some of my experiences and curiosity.
1. When I was measuring a 220-ohm register with a JAMECO multimeter, the result was gradually decreased from 251 to 216-ohm. I'm not sure it is common phenomenon of register or multimeter.
2. A 7805 regulator sometimes became so hot. According to the Physical Computing page 4, it's getting too much electrical energy and I have a problem. (add) page 47, it's normal to get a little hot if it operating at the high end of its range.
3. In section 3, When I put three LEDs in serial, I could see the light while I made a darkroom with my two hands. But, it was so dim and only cases of red LEDs and yellow, not white or green.
4. Why we use a 5V for common circuit?
- To avoid noise and reduce electrical waste
5. Why we use 'I' for an electric Current?
- Because, C was occupied by Capacitance, and maybe there are three basic components; Capacitor, Resistance, Inductor
6. Students of Todd's class made somewhat different circuit, especially setting up 5 Volts. After I finished my assignments, I made circuit again following Todd's instructions. I successfully lighted LED up, but I don't know why we use 1uF and 10uF capacitor. In my guess, it manages an irregular voltage so that regulator and other components work better.
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Commented by 보람군 at 2007/02/15 10:48 
