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Suirun Zhao

Topic 2 Final Reflection

  • What did you learn?
    Disco Diffusion, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion are three pieces of open source software that generate images in response to a language prompt. A prompt, which is a series of words, is a key to tuning the tools to translate your thoughts into images.

    Here at the gallery, the three installations with user interfaces using local GPUs aim to make the creation process more accessible and more efficient. We encourage you to explore these three different tools and to learn to talk to these text-to-image models, we first start with “prompt engineering”. A helpful analogy to understand this process is to think of a prompt as a search query just like how we use the Google search engine. Similarly, we give these image generators a search query to search among a structured representation of all the images it was trained on. We then evaluate the result, and refine the input text until the output image is the closest to our expectations among all possible outputs.

    For example, if you use “/imagine prompt: colorful butterfly”, the AI will generate an image of what it thinks a colorful butterfly is. However, using one adjective like “colorful” is usually not sufficient. If you use one adjective, the AI will usually generate something simple. Hence, it’s recommended that you use multiple adjectives and descriptions for the AI to generate an accurate image. Instead of “colorful butterfly”, you can use “a rainbow-colored butterfly flying across a field of flowers during a sunset”. The more descriptive you are, the better the results.

    Also, the copyright of who owns the AI-Generated art still need to be discussed, So once you’ve created your AI-generated masterpiece, what’s stopping you from claiming it as your own, using it commercially or preventing others from using it? On top of existentially threatening the very concept of artists and creatives, Ryan says that AI-generated content raises many new legal issues.

  • What feedback did you receive? Any reflections on critique itself?
    The topic doesn’t have a certain answer, people would love to see the debate between humans and AI. I also received feedback on my website, which can provide a better user experience and make the copyright problem prominent. 
  • What might you do differently in terms of process or content?
    I might create an interactive artwork using different kinds of digital software and AI-Generated art platforms instead of creating a website.
  • What was inspiring? What parts?
    Trying to use different creative tools is inspiring, I can experience the differences between these popular AI-Generated Art platforms such as Disco Diffusion, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion, and also I have learned a lot about the training data, data biases, terms of use, policy, rules, and even The US Copyright Office.
  • Revisit the assignment prompts: how did your project relate to the original prompts, in terms of critical lens, audience, tone, etc…
    Because my audiences are those
    people who haven’t used AI-generated art before, which may have some contradiction that if someone hasn’t used it so far, they probably don’t have an interest to use these kinds of tools, so my project may not drive people’s awareness to fulfill my goal.
  • How did you balance research and experimentation? Which is easier for you? How can you focus more on the areas that you shy away from
    I do like the daily practice part, which forced me to dig deeper every day, and also because of that I can narrow down my topic and find my critical lens. 

Topic 2 Final: AI Art Gallery

Project background:

If you’ve been on social media throughout the last few months, chances are you’ve seen a plethora of artwork, written content, memes and more – created not by a human, but by an AI. Whilst software and new machine-learning AI systems such as DALL-E 2 and Midjourney have recently become the latest creative craze online, there has been little discussion as to the legal questions surrounding AI-generated content. It may seem a bit surreal or dystopian for some, but there is now a whole new universe of questions to be raised regarding intellectual property and AI.

As much machine-learning software utilises a database of images collated from other artists, is it stealing, copying, or inspiration if you utilize someone else’s artwork and artificial intelligence to create your own? The largest issue still is: Who owns AI-generated art once it has been produced? Artificial intelligence (AI) has long produced art. But this year’s technologies, such DALL-E 2, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion, have allowed even the most inexperienced artists to produce intricate, abstract, or lifelike pieces by merely entering a few words into a text box.

Project intention;

Create a simple AI-Generated art gallery website to invite people who haven’t used AI-generated art before in order to raise people’s awareness of AI copyright thinking.

System map:

Feedback loop:

Prototypes:

Preview: 

Cover section

Gallery section

How to section(three tools to introduce)

Upload section(If users try to upload “your” AI-Generated artwork, you will see the copyright at the bottom of the popup window, but who owns this art piece is randomly generated by the computer algorithm.)

 

About section(Critical thinking)

User test and feedback:

  • The Popup window sometimes not working when clicked multiple times.
  • Less text.
  • Images couldn’t upload to the database.
  • How to section and second menu button not clear.

Bibliography:

  1. Steven Vargas, How AI-generated art is changing the concept of art itself, https://www.latimes.com/projects/artificial-intelligence-generated-art-ownership-bias-dall-e-midjourney/
  2. Copyright review board, https://www.copyright.gov/rulings-filings/review-board/docs/a-recent-entrance-to-paradise.pdf
  3. Luke Plunkett, August 2022, AI Creating ‘Art’ Is An Ethical And Copyright Nightmare, https://kotaku.com/ai-art-dall-e-midjourney-stable-diffusion-copyright-1849388060
  4. Charlie Warzel, August 2022, I Went Viral in the Bad Way, https://newsletters.theatlantic.com/galaxy-brain/62fc502abcbd490021afea1e/twitter-viral-outrage-ai-art/
  5. Arthur Roberts, October 2022, Who owns the copyright in AI-generated art?, https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=fd1e9201-c746-42b4-b3c2-348dfe7ea31d
  6. James Morales, February 2021, From Poetical Science to GANism: A Selective History of the Art in Artificial Intelligence, https://www.electricartefacts.art/news/from-poetical-science-to-ganism-a-selective-history-of-the-art-in-artificial-intelligence

  7. LBB Editorial, September 2022, Who Owns AI-Generated Art? https://www.lbbonline.com/news/who-owns-ai-generated-art

Publics and Counterpublics

“I Still Believe in Our City” art by Amanda Phingbodhipakkiya created in partnership with the NYC Commission on Human Rights. In 2020, as COVID-19 flared through New York City and NYC hospitals saw a spike of nearly 200,000 patients, Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs) faced an added threat: blame, racism, and xenophobia. The works featured in “I Still Believe in Our City” couple striking visuals with statistics about discrimination API New Yorkers have faced amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The panels include words and phrases uttered in hate, juxtaposed with bright colors, symbolic imagery, and portraits of defiant and proud API New Yorkers standing their ground. Nestling the ugly language in beautiful symbolism is intentional:  API artist Phingbodhipakkiya shows that despite what API New Yorkers have faced, they remain undeterred and steadfast members of New York City’s communities. More than an anti-hate campaign, this public awareness initiative is a testament to the beauty and resilience of API communities. It recognizes everything people lived through in 2020 but also speaks to decades-old anti-Asian biases.

I think the public will be every New Yorker and anti-hate campaign.

 

https://www.nyc.gov/site/cchr/media/pair-believe.page

Topic 2 Janky Prototypes

Prototype-1: Mp3 Wallpaper

Song: Stan by Eminem, Dido

Prompt: Eminem, Dido, Stan

Prototype-2: 3D model tile texture

Prompt: dragon, tiger, china, traditional,–tile

Prototype-3: Artwork

IAE Respond

  • At some point this week, look around you and produce a drawing (or take a picture) of a space that you feel is rich in arrangements. In a style similar to the diagram on page 33, annotate your picture or drawing with the “hard” and “soft” arrangements you can identify.

  • Map an aspect of your topic to the Ideas/Arrangements/Effects framework. For instance, if you were working with zoos: an idea is that animals should be able to be observed at will by humans; an arrangement is a cage at the zoo; an effect is that animals often become distressed. Since arrangements are “a rich and frequently overlooked terrain for creating change” (32): can you identify a way you could change your identified arrangement, and how that might reflect a different idea, or have a different effect?

Idea: People use AI-Generated as a tool to create digital art

Arrangement: Set the specific AI-Generated Art Prize

Effect: People think highly of the meaning behind the art, encouraging more and more people to use it.

Updated: Set the specific definition of AI-Generated Art’s copyright, People still trying to blur the border.

Siri Daily Practice-5

I found a new branch of AI-Generated art, concept art, which is a form of illustration that is used to express an idea that would be further used in media creation, leading to the final product. Concept art is a form of visual art and there are more and more concept artists trying to use AI-Generated tool to get inspiration and draft sketches, or even the final outputs.

Siri Daily Practice-4

My initial critical thinking about AI-Generated art is about the copyright, is it belongs to the artist(user)/developer/company/AI? In other words, what do people or organizations think about AI-generated art? Do arts must have to be created by people?

I created this feedback loop below:

 

Read list:

https://www.americanscientist.org/article/ai-is-blurring-the-definition-of-artist

https://www.latimes.com/projects/artificial-intelligence-generated-art-ownership-bias-dall-e-midjourney/

https://www.copyright.gov/rulings-filings/review-board/docs/a-recent-entrance-to-paradise.pdf

Siri Daily Practice-3

The DALL·E reminds me of the topic Jaye introduced last semester, about AI data biases, so I added a new path about this topic and connected it with the related impact to other aspects.

I also tried to use Midjourney to test the data biases but found the developers may have fixed the problem and intentionally set the rule to prevent racist, sexist and other stereotypes.

Prompt: a man sitting in a prison cell

Prompt: a photo of an angry man