{"id":1979,"date":"2022-09-13T02:41:31","date_gmt":"2022-09-13T02:41:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/?p=1979"},"modified":"2022-09-13T02:42:08","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T02:42:08","slug":"skin-bark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/2022\/09\/13\/skin-bark\/","title":{"rendered":"Skin: Bark"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When I first think of the word \u201cskin\u201d, I think of human skin, and how vital skin is to our survival. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stanfordchildrens.org\/en\/topic\/default?id=anatomy-of-the-skin-85-P01336\">Stanford Children\u2019s Health website<\/a>, skin serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection for the human body. It regulates body temperature, stores fat and water, prevents water loss, and acts as barrier between us and the environment. When I think of the word \u201cbark\u201d, and how it relates to \u201cskin\u201d, I think how bark is the skin of trees, and how it is as equally vital to their survival. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/learn\/trees\/anatomy-of-tree#:~:text=A%3A The outer bark is,and wards off insect enemies.\">U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s website<\/a>, the tree\u2019s outer bark is its protection from the outside world. Similar to how human skin heals and regenerates, bark continually renewed from within and prevents moisture from escaping in dry air.<\/p>\n<p>Comparing human skin and tree bark makes one reflect on how humans and tree are both organisms on this earth how nature has evolved us to use similar methods for survival. Both of our species has a place on this planet, so it is important for us to recognize the importance of deforestation and how it effects our ecosystem.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1981 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/skin-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/skin-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/skin-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/skin.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stanfordchildrens.org\/en\/topic\/default?id=anatomy-of-the-skin-85-P01336\">Layers of human skin<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>epidermis<\/strong> is the thin outer layer of the skin. It consists of 3 types of cells:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Squamous cells.<\/strong>\u00a0The outermost layer is continuously shed is called the stratum corneum.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Basal cells.<\/strong>\u00a0Basal cells are found just under the squamous cells,\u00a0at the base of the epidermis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Melanocytes<\/strong>. Melanocytes are also found at the base of the epidermis and make melanin. This gives the skin its color.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <strong>dermis<\/strong> is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis contains the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blood vessels<\/li>\n<li>Lymph vessels<\/li>\n<li>Hair follicles<\/li>\n<li>Sweat glands<\/li>\n<li>Collagen bundles<\/li>\n<li>Fibroblasts<\/li>\n<li>Nerves<\/li>\n<li>Sebaceous glands<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The dermis is held together by a protein called collagen. This layergives skin flexibility and strength. The dermis also contains pain and touch receptors.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>subcutaneous fat layer<\/strong> is the deepest layer of skin. It consists of a network of collagen and fat cells. It helps conserve the body&#8217;s heat and protects the body from injury by acting as a shock absorber.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1980 alignleft\" style=\"font-size: 16px\" src=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/tree-300x156.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/tree-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/tree.png 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/learn\/trees\/anatomy-of-tree\">Layers of tree bark<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>outer bark<\/strong>\u00a0is the tree&#8217;s protection from the outside world. Continually renewed from within, it helps keep out moisture in the rain, and prevents the tree from losing moisture when the air is dry. It insulates against cold and heat and wards off insect enemies.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>inner bark<\/strong>,\u00a0or \u201cphloem\u201d, is pipeline through which food is passed to the rest of the tree. It lives for only a short time, then dies and turns to cork to become part of the protective outer bark.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>cambium cell layer<\/strong>\u00a0is the growing part of the trunk. It annually produces new bark and new wood in response to hormones that pass down through the phloem with food from the leaves. These hormones, called \u201cauxins\u201d, stimulate growth in cells. Auxins are produced by leaf buds at the ends of branches as soon as they start growing in spring.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sapwood<\/strong>\u00a0is the tree&#8217;s pipeline for water moving up to the leaves. Sapwood is new wood. As newer rings of sapwood are laid down, inner cells lose their vitality and turn to heartwood.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heartwood<\/strong>\u00a0is the central, supporting pillar of the tree. Although dead, it will not decay or lose strength while the outer layers are intact. A composite of hollow, needlelike cellulose fibers bound together by a chemical glue called lignin, it is in many ways as strong as steel. A piece 12\u201d long and 1\u201d by 2\u201d in cross section set vertically can support a weight of twenty tons!<\/p>\n<h3>Experimental making<\/h3>\n<p>I juxtaposed two close-up images of a tree and human to show the similarities of the patterns are created on both tree and human skin.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1982 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/CE_post_1-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"513\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/CE_post_1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/19\/2022\/09\/CE_post_1.png 508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When I first think of the word \u201cskin\u201d, I think of human skin, and how vital skin is to our survival. According to the Stanford Children\u2019s Health website, skin serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection for the human body. It regulates body temperature, stores fat and water, prevents water loss,&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/2022\/09\/13\/skin-bark\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Skin: Bark<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":135,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1979"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/135"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1979"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1983,"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1979\/revisions\/1983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/itp.nyu.edu\/lowres\/critex-monika\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}