Always On, Always Connected Week 1 - Introduction to PhoneGap

WebKit

Apple, when developing a browser for iOS decided to leverage an open source project, KHTML the HTML layout engine for Konqueror and KDE (a Linux GUI and suite of software) to create WebKit, the core of the iOS browser. Additionally, WebKit is exposed as a library and GUI widget to allow other applications on the OS to incorporate it's functionality within.

This means that iOS applications can render web pages and render them just as well as Safari, the built-in browser.

Since Apple based this all on an open source project, they were compelled to make their code open source as well; available online at http://www.webkit.org

This enabled Google to incorporate it in Chrome and Android and many others to do the same: http://trac.webkit.org/wiki/Applications%20using%20WebKit

Intro to PhoneGap/Cordova

Nitobi, a small company located in Vancouver developed the open source PhoneGap platform as a means to create cross platform applications based on rendering HTML and executing JavaScript inside of a WebKit component.

Nitobi was purchased by Adobe in 2011 and the PhoneGap project split into two, first the product that is continuing to be developed by and within Adobe which integrates into Adobe's other products; PhoneGap and a second version; also open source being hosted by the Apache Foundation called Cordova. Cordova can be thought of as the core open source project with PhoneGap adding additional capabilities and integrations. More about that here

Essentially, PhoneGap bridges the gap between web applications and native applications by allowing developers to use web technologies to create full mobile applications with access to native capabilities (sensors, camera, storage, bluetooth, and so on).

Supported Platforms: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhoneGap#Supported_platforms

Other PhoneGap like Frameworks: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_phone_web_based_application_framework

Apps made with PhoneGap: http://www.phonegap.com/app

Getting Started with Cordova

Installing

The current version of Cordova uses Node.js (a JavaScript runtime that works outside of the browser) to execute it's commands so it needs to be installed first. (An application that is created with PhoneGap has no dependencies on Node.js.)

Next, to install Cordova, we'll use the command line to both install and run the Cordova commands. These are detailed on the Cordova homepage. (For a refresher on using the command line, check this out: Learn Enough Unix for Your Resume as well as Lynda.com's Unix for Mac OS X Users.)

As long as you have Node.js installed, the below command will trigger the download and install of phonegap on your computer:

sudo npm install -g cordova

cordova

Hello World

To get started building an application, we issue the following command to download a starter project

cordova create hello-cordova

cd hello-cordova

Getting Setup for Android Development

If you don't already have the Android SDK installed and configured and want to build for Android devices, go through the following steps:

Download the Android SDK (You don't need Android Studio, look for "SDK Tools Only" under "Other Download Options")

Once that is downloaded, extract it and move it to a folder that you won't delete it. Perhaps in Applications or another safe place.

Then, you'll need to it to your path. In terminal, type the following, adding return after each line:

cd ~
touch .bash_profile
open .bash_profile

export PATH=${PATH}:/Applications/tools/:/Applications/platform-tools/
			

android

android avd

phonegap -d run android

sudo cp -r ~/Downloads/apache-ant-1.9.4 /usr/bin/.
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/apache-ant-1.9.4/bin/ant /usr/local/bin/.

Getting Setup for iOS Development

If you don't already have Xcode installed, that is the first step.

Download and install Xcode from https://developer.apple.com/xcode/.

Following that, we need to enable the xcode commandline tools

xcode-select --install

sudo npm install -g ios-deploy

cd hello-cordova
cordova platform add ios

cordova -d run ios

Running on an iOS Device (hardware)

You may find that all following isn't needed to be done manually as Apple has automated some of it through xcode but here are the full set of manual instructions::

To setup an iOS device for development, you'll need to join ITP's iOS developer Team (unless you already have paid your $99.00 yearly fee). Do do this, send itp.helpdesk@nyu.edu the email address that you use for your Apple ID. You should also send your device UDID. The easiest way to find your UDID is to copy it from iTunes when your device is connected.

After your request is received, you'll receive an invite to ITP's iOS developer team and you should be able to log into Apple's iOS Dev Center.

Apple requires that applications that will be run on a hardware device be cryptographically signed. In order to do this, you need to generate a signing certificate via the "Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles" page. Click on the "+" symbol on the top right of the page and follow the instructions. Choose "iOS App Development" for the certificate type, and create a CSR file via Keychain Access on your computer and upload it. Once that is complete, we'll approve your certificate and you'll be notified by email.

Once it is approved, you can go back to the iOS Certificates page, select your name and download it. After it is downloaded, open it (double click) and it will be added to your keychain in the "Keychain Access" application.

You'll also want to download the "Anyone" provisioning profile from the iOS Provisioning Profiles page. Once it is downloaded, open up Xcode and drag the downloaded profile onto the Xcode icon in your dock. The Provisioning profile marries your certificate with your device and your app id and is required to do development on your actual device. We setup the "Anyone" provisioning profile to include all of the devices, certificates, and any app id on the ITP team.

To actually run the application on your device, make sure it is plugged into your computer and open the project in Xcode. To do this, go to your PhoneGap project in the Finder and open the "Project Name.xcodeproj" file inside the platforms/ios folder. Once that is open in Xcode, you may need to click on the "Project Navigator" icon to display the project files.



After that, click on the project file itself which will reveal a configuration panel



In this panel under "Identity" you will likely have to select "Add an Account" under "Team". Enter your Apple ID and password on the prompt that appears and click "Add". This should bring up a panel which displays your Apple ID and the team "New York University (Interactive Telec...". You can close this window and back in Xcode select the "New York University..." team.



Finally, you should now be able to select your device to run the application on. To do so, click the device list next to the project name to the right of the run/play button at the top of your Xcode window and select your device.



Then you can click the run/play button to compile and run it!

Modify the Application

To change the application, we open up the "www" folder and edit the contents. Try changing the index.html file and re-running the application.

cordova prepare ios